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French physicist and inventor, he was the first to liquefy oxygen.
As a youth, Cailletet worked in his father’s ironworks and later was in charge of the works. He was also active in scientific research. On Dec. 2, 1877, Cailletet became the first to liquefy oxygen. Shortly afterward he also succeeded in liquefying nitrogen, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and acetylene for the first time. Among his other achievements, Cailletet installed a 300-m/985-ft high manometer on the Eiffel Tower; conducted an investigation of air resistance on falling bodies; made a study of a liquid-oxygen breathing apparatus for high-altitude ascents; and developed numerous devices, including automatic cameras, an altimeter, and air-sample collectors for sounding-balloon studies of the upper atmosphere.
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ortografie alternativă:
CAILLETET, Louis Paul
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Curriculum vitae
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* 21.09.1832
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Châtillon-sur-Seine, Côte-d'Or, France
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nǎscut
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1857
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Maître des forges.
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1863
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Recherches sur les gaz, les lois de Mariotte à haute pression et les lois sur la compressibilité.
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1877
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Liquéfaction du dioxyde d'azote par le froid intense résultant d'une décompression brusque du gaz fortement comprimé.
Naissance de l'air liquide : premier à liquéfier l’oxygène, l'hydrogène, l'air atmosphérique.
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1877
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Réalisation de la célèbre expérience : la liquéfaction de l’oxygène (état pâteux).
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1878
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Honneur : médaille Davy en 1878.
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1884
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Membre à l’Académie des Sciences.
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† 05.01.1913
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Paris, France
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mort
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