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French inventor who, at the age of 25, invented the first enclosed water turbine or reaction turbine of modern design.
The first enclosed water turbine was called a reaction turbine because of its design: a chamber containing an inner ring of rotor-blades that repel water outward against the moving vanes of a “runner,” which were curved in the opposite direction from the inner blades, thus reversing the flow of water within the device itself and producing the so-called reactive force. Fourneyron’s turbine benefited France’s bourgeoning industry, and it's use quickly spread to other countries. As a power source, the water turbine had many advantages over the open vertical water wheel. The water turbine could handle any head from less than a foot up to many hundreds of feet, its conversion efficiency was much higher. Fourneyron went on to build more than 1,000 hydraulic turbines of various forms and for use in different parts of the world, including Niagara Falls, USA.
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variant spelling:
FOURNEYRON, Benoît
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History
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* 01.11.1802
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Saint-Étienne
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born
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1820
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Beaunier - Alès
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Le directeur de l'école, Louis-Antoine Beaunier, l'envoie faire ses classes d'ingénieur aux mines du Creusot, puis dans le bassin d'Alès.
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1827
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Besançon
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Installation de son bureau d'études.
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1834
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L'Académie des sciences le couronne.
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1836
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Niederbronn
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Installation de son 2ème bureau d'études.
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1838
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Paris
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Installation de son 3ème bureau d'études, rue de Trévise.
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1839
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L'exposition de 1839 lui décerne une médaille d'or, et le roi, la Légion d'honneur.
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1846
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Boston
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Membres correspondants à l'Académie des sciences.
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1848
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Elu député de la Loire.
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1850
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Chambon-Feugerolles
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Création de sa propre usine pour faire des expériences et construire des machines, des moteurs hydrauliques ou des machines à vapeur.
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1855
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Paris
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Médaille d'honneur à l'Exposition universelle de 1855 grâce à ses turbines perfectionnées.
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† 08.07.1867
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Paris
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died
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